Anabasis articulata is a plant used by Algerian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes. The aqueous extract was found to be non-toxic until at 1,000 mg/kg during period (24 and 72 hours). Experiments were performed in non-diabetic mice, and in diabetic mice (alloxan treated mice). Our results showed that the orally administration at a dose of 400 mg/kg decreased the glycaemia to 29.89% (p < 0.05), 6 hours after administration, corresponding to the greatest decrease of blood glucose in normoglycaemic mice (hypoglycemic effect). They also show that orally administration at 400 mg/kg decreased the glycaemia to 74.48% (p < 0.05) 21 days after treatment. Phytochemical screening exhibited that the aqueous extract contains alkaloid and saponin components with percentage 1.25 and 1.30%, respectively. Our findings displayed that saponin (at 5 mg/kg) was the active fraction, as it permitted to restore the normal blood glucose levels, after 21 days of treatment, and that the alkaloid fraction did not significantly reduce the blood glucose level. The present study shows the no toxic effect in sub-acute administration and to confirm the anti-diabetic traditional use of Anabasis articulata. With active support in saponins triterpenoids compounds.