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How does domestication change the behaviour of the first generation of fish in captivity?

AQUA2024, 26-30 août, Copenhague, Denmark

Lecocq, T., Chevalier, C., Praion, M., Leclerc, T., Shahjahn, M.-D., Ledore, Y., Silvestre, F., Schaerlinger, B., Milla, S.

2024

Domestication establishes a new context of evolution in which species adapt to conditions chosen, design and controlled by humans. For fish, it is a continuous process divided into five levels from the first acclimatisation attempt to captivity (Level 1), to the completion of the life cycle in captivity (Level 4), and even to the implementation of selective breeding programs (Level 5). This leads to genetic and phenotypic changes over generations in domesticated species. Behavioural traits were among the first to change at the outset of domestication. However, in fish, potential changes in behavioural traits have been little studied at the very beginning of domestication. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether there are any behavioural changes in the first generation of domestication of a model species, the zebrafish (Danio rerio). A wild population (F0) was acclimatised to captive condition and used to establish the first generation (F1) born in captivity. The conditions of captivity were constant and controlled among generations. A population (Lab), derived from different laboratory strains, was used as “domesticate reference”. The tests were of two types: a mirror-test to evaluate behavioural traits involved in activity, aggression, and stress and an open-field test to assess behavioural traits related to exploratory behaviour and stress. The mirror-test was performed at 120 days post-fertilisation (dpf) and the open-field at 127 dpf. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests a trend towards differentiation between the Lab population, the F0 and the F1. This difference is confirmed by the pairwise multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) which showed a significant difference between Lab/F0 and Lab/F1 (p < 0.05). The contribution of the behavioural and activity-related traits to the PCA axes showed that F0 and F1 being more stressed than the population adapted to captivity conditions over several decades who appeared more aggressive. However, no significant difference was found in terms of activity (total distance covered by the individual). It is essential to consider the expression of these behavioural traits in fish candidates for a new domestication programme and determine if their evolution during the domestication process leads to improved production and life cycle control of organisms. As previously discussed in the literature, fish domestication usually results in a decrease in stress response to aquaculture-related stress over generations, making it easier to maintain animal welfare and continue producing organisms. However, it is important to note that our study indicates that there were no substantial changes in the stress response of the first generation born in captivity compared to the wild population. This highlights the significance of minimising potential stress to fish populations at the beginning of the domestication process.

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2024

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2023

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2022

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2021

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2020

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2019

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