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RP2E INRA Université de Lorraine

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Deformities in newly hatched embryos of Eurasian perch populations originating from two different rearing systems

Journal of Zoology, 302 (2), pp. 126-137.

Alix, M., Zarski, D., Chardard, D., Fontaine, P., Schaerlinger, B.

2017

During the teleost ontogenesis, biotic and abiotic factors influence organs deformations.
Despite of an important literature, the potential causes of deformities in fish
are still poorly understood. Cultured fish in artificial conditions exhibit higher incidence
of developmental impairments compared to wild ones. This study aims at
describing exhaustively the deformity categories of newly hatched embryos of Eurasian
perch and investigating at once all biotic and abiotic factors of two extremely
different rearing systems [recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) vs. ponds] on
their occurrence. The description and clustering of deformities according to the
organs involved allowed not only to show that skeletal, cardiac and yolk anomalies
are the most common ones, but also to highlight new functions undergoing developmental
failure (locomotive, digestive and excretory systems). In total, 10 categories
of abnormalities have been described. In addition, our data show a
relationship between the cardiac and yolk deformities suggesting common causes.
In a second part, we compared the incidence of deformities in the progeny of two
distinct populations of fish, reared under extremely various conditions (RAS vs.
pond). The total deformity rates did not differ between the groups but the nature
of deformities was surprisingly different as the RAS reared fish (RRF) originating
from fisheries presented a higher variety of deformity categories than the fish originating
from Lorraine ponds (LPRF). Indeed, cardiac, yolk and skeletal axis deformities
were more frequent in RRF embryos, whereas mouth abnormalities were
preferentially represented in LPRF embryos. These findings may help understanding
the potential causes of these developmental impairments in cultured animals
and may lead to the improvement of husbandry conditions.

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