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Transcriptomic analysis of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) eggs assigned to distinct groups of quality

International Workshop on the Biology of Fish Gametes, 04-08 septembre, ?eské Bud?jovice, Czech Republic

Rocha De Almeida, T., Schaerlinger, B., Le Cam, A., Alix, M., Montfort, J., Bobe, J., Chardard, D., Fontaine, P.

2017

Eggs quality improvement imposes to find early indicators allowing a reliable prediction of
the developmental success. Molecular indicators seem particularly interesting as they give
clues to understand the causes and consequences of developmental impairments. However,
for practical reasons, works on the eggs quality are usually performed by comparing two
categories of spawn using variable criteria depending on the studied species and authors’
scientific approach of the quality. In reality, it appears that the developmental success is
rather reflected by a continuum from the best ones to the worst with high early mortalities
or no fertilization. The present work aims at linking groups of spawn showing different
developmental performances (representing a continuum of quality) to the gene expression
pattern in the correspondent eggs of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis. To do so, perch spawn
were classified into four clusters (groups I to IV from the best to the worst developmental
success) using 12 parameters characterizing the embryonic survival, deformities occurrence
and the hatching period. In a second time, a microarray analysis has been performed to
compare the transcriptomic profile of spawn representing each of these groups. It reveals
more than 3000 genes differently expressed between the groups as a whole. The difference
on genes expressions we found in this study shows a higher number of genes differently
expressed between the group IV when compared with the groups I, II and III than within
these 3 groups. To be more precise, the transcriptomic profile only showed few genes
differently expressed between the groups I (better developmental success), II and III
(intermediate groups) (e.g. 13 genes between groups I and II, 53 between I and III and 70
between II and III). On the contrary, more than 2000 genes were differently expressed
between the group IV (early mortalities or fertilization failures) and each of the other groups
of spawn. It demonstrates that the cluster IV, showing the highest and earliest level of
developmental failures, mainly presents a huge transcriptomic defects that could either be
due to a lack of incorporation or a premature degradation of the RNAs. The Gene Ontology
study revealed that functions as the oxidative phosphorylation and the cytokinesis are
particularly affected in this group. As these functions are essential for the basic functions of
the cell or the early steps of the embryogenesis, their modifications easily explain the early
mortality or fertilization failures, with a direct association with the quality of the egg.

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